What is HPV?
Genital papillomavirus infection is a sexually transmitted infection (IPP).The causal means of papillomavirus infection are human papilloma viruses (HPV).Human papilloma viruses are a group of viruses that include around 100 different types.More than 30 types of HPV are sexually transmitted, the genitals and the anus are infected by women and men.
Most infected people do not know about their illness, have no clinical manifestations and can also recover spontaneously.
Some of these viruses are referred to as "high carcinogenic risk viruses", they can cause preliminary genital lesions.Recent studies have confirmed the main task of HPV in the development of cervical cancer.The HPV high risk also plays a role in the occurrence of vulva cancer, vagina for women and cancer of the penis in men.With high risk viruses, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69 types diese types of HPV are responsible for 95-98% of the cases of cervical cancer.They cause an increase in abnormal cells, which are usually flat and almost invisible during the usual examination compared to benign warts caused by viruses with low risk - 6, 11 types.Bit -like anogenital warts appear 2 to 6 months after the infection.For years in the development of precancerous or changes in cancer in connection with the promotion of an HPV -high risk, and often a spontaneous remedy for HPV occurs.
The infection is the most common at the age of 15 to 40 and affects the same women and men.After 50 years of life, about 80 percent of women will acquire an HPV infection.
About 50-75% of sexually active people are infected with HPV during their lives, and in most cases the infection does not cause a disease and is spontaneously healed.
About 90% of HIV-infected people also have an HPV infection.
How is the HPV transmitted?
A human papillome infection is transmitted through sexual intercourse.Most of the infected people have no visible manifestations of the disease, and therefore HPV wearers do not know about their infection and can infect their sexual partners.Sometimes an infected mother can infect a newborn during birth.This can lead to the so -called papillomatosis of the larynx from newborns.
Manifestations of the infection
Most infected people don't know about it.HPV often does not cause manifestations on the skin and the mucous membrane.Part of humans develop sexual warts or precancer changes in the cervix, in the vulva, in the anal area or in the penis.Very rarely these changes go directly into cancer.An average of 20 years passed from infection to the development of heavy dysplasia.Most women are spontaneously healed for 9 to 15 months from the moment of infection.The main manifestation of a papillomavirus infection are sexual warts or pointed condylomas (VPV 6 and 11 are caused) -soft warder formations on a short thin leg, the colored cabbage or a tap comb with a different place (penis head, penis, lips, vagina, neck of the uterus, one area).Sharp condylomas appear 2 to 6 months after the infection.Visible condylomas are detected during the examination.
Infection diagnosis
Condyl diagnostics are carried out on the basis of the inspection.Diagnostics of the HPV Hohen Camphogen -risk and the associated changes, a more difficult task.The diagnosis of precancer diseases of the cervix based on many was based on a cytological analysis of the smear (examination of a smear under a microscope).However, it has a number of significant disadvantages - complexity, low sensitivity and high frequency of the vague results.The American Committee FDA (Committee on Medicines and Food) approved the examination of HPV using the method of polymerase chain reaction -PCR, which can determine 13 types of HPV risk.The PCR for HPV has a high sensitivity and easy to carry out.The joint use of cytological studies and PCR tests can significantly increase the effectiveness of the diagnosis, the sensitivity increases to 99 to 100%.It is important that the identification of an HPV -high risk occurs long before the occurrence of precancer vose in the mucous membranes.
PCR research on HPV with high risk is recommended:
- - as the main method in addition to cytology for women over 30 years.
- - to solve the dubious results of cytological research.
- - Patients treated for dysplasia or cancer.
- - In the first phase of diagnostics for countries in which Papillomavirus infection programs are poorly organized.
- - To check men.
Is it possible to heal this disease?
The diagnosis and treatment of STIS should be carried out under the conditions of a special clinic - a CVD that has all the necessary funds for a quick and precise diagnosis.
There is no special drug for HPV today.There are many methods to remove condylates, but the disease can return because the virus remains in the human body.Relapses are possible in 25% of cases 3 months after the treatment.An examination of sexual partners is required when treating condyl.However, the vast majority of sexual partners are infected with HPV and simply has no visible manifestations of the disease.
The treatment of precancer vose fell ill with chemical, physical and other methods in order to change the structure of the affected areas of the mucous membranes and the use of medicines that stimulate immunity.In the future, an annual cytological study and determination of HPV by the PCR will be required.
What is the connection between HPV and cervical cancer?
Only facts:
- Papillomas with high risk are the main cause of cervical cancer.
- In the case of severe dysplasia (preparature) and cancer of the cervix, HPV is detected in almost 100% of cases.
- The identification of HPV is associated with a 250-time increase in the risk of severe dysplasia.
- Cervical cancer takes first place among the causes of female mortality in developing countries.
- Cervical cancer occupies the 2nd place after breast cancer in women in the world of 250 thousand deaths annually.
- In Russia, 12,300 women will suffer cervical cancer annually and more than 6,000 patients die annually.
- In the past 10 years, the average age of the sick has decreased from 58 to 55 years.
- The incidence has increased twice in women under 29.
- The HPV high risk is caused by cervical cancer in 100% of cases.The anus cancer is 90%, vaginal cancer and vulva - 40%, penis cancer - 40% and oropharynx cancer in 12% of cases.
- The American Society of Cancer was predicted for 2004, who suffer aggressive cervical cancer in approximately 10,520 women and will die about 3,900 women from this disease.Most women with aggressive cervical cancer did not go through the right examination in HPV infections.
Prevention of the infection
The safest way to prevent sexual HPV infections is to refrain from sexual contact with another person.
Long -term sexual relationships with a constant sexual partner do not offer a 100% guarantee at HPV infections.It is difficult to determine whether a sexual partner is currently infected without special tests.
Male condoms from latex reduce the risk of infection.
All manifestations such as pain or uncomfortable sensations when urinating, an unusual rash, the discharge are a signal for stopping sexual contacts and an immediate examination in a special clinic.When the patient has been found, he must inform his sexual partners so that he is also subjected to a complete examination and adequate treatment.This reduces the risk of serious complications and prevent the possibility of a Re -I infection.